Beowulf An Epic Hero - 986 Words

Waking up out of bed in the morning, going to school, work, or sports practice, or attending an event you otherwise wouldn’t be present at. The question isn’t where are you and where did you go, but the reason your body is moving in that general direction. Many people in the world tend to not have a purpose in their movements anymore, having little to no motivation to accomplish anything in their life. In the stories throughout history there are always multiple reasons why the characters, whether they’re good or bad, do what they do. Dating back all the way to ancient stories one of these studied people is the man known as Beowulf from old English epic poetry. He is an epic hero known for protecting people all around Europe from terrifying, unbeaten, undamaged beasts. He was also part of the period where the anglosaxton culture was built, and he was their main mold for what it meant to be a man and warrior of the culture. Being their spokesperson he had many reas ons why he did what he did, and some were seen a little more clearly than others, The motivations of Beowulf are linked to the values in the anglosaxton code, and shown in his three monstrous battles in the epic, being glory, duty, and generosity. In his fight with Grendel, Beowulf s motivations that are from the anglosaxton code are that of glory as a young, strong, successful warrior. Now Grendel is the first beast in the story and is terrorizing, not Beowulf and the Geats, but king Hrothgar and the land of theShow MoreRelatedThe Epic Of Beowulf As An Epic Hero1519 Words   |  7 Pagesaway following a journey, you have most likely read an epic. An epic by definition is â€Å"a long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the history of a nation†. Every epic has a main character that undergoes the same archetypal journey as all other heroes, an epic hero. There are specific qualities one must have to be considered an epic hero. Each epic hero possesses superhuman strength, displays a strong sense ofRead MoreThe Epic Of Beowulf As An Epic Hero711 Words   |  3 Pagesthan the writer. These â€Å"epic heros† are protagonists that fulfill their potential of greatness through using their bravery, strength and humility for good. The near ancient tale of Beowulf is a classic example of an epic story that contains an epic hero. In this tale Hrothgar, the king of the Danes, has been terrorized by a beast known as Grendel. This beast has been murdering the king’s people and no one has come close to stopping this killer. A Geat warrior named Beowulf hears of the King’s predicamentRead MoreBeowulf : An Epic Hero930 Words   |  4 Pages The story of Beowulf shows its reader many characteristics of why this Anglo-Saxon poem is an epic. First of all, Beowulf is a warrior of epic renown by the time he formally introduces himself in the poem. Next, Beowulf is the warrior that many strive to be in life. In addition, Beowulf finds himself tackling many quests that involve dangerous beasts, or as he might call them, demons. The next quality shown by Beowulf is his bravery and honor. The reader is able to easily identify this characteristicRead MoreBeowulf, The Epic Hero1373 Words   |  6 Pages 2015 Beowulf, The Epic Hero In Anglo Saxon times, Beowulf is considered a well known epic hero. â€Å"Epic heroes are literary characters from ancient mythology and other stories, which were written down in the form of long, narrative epic poems. The hero is the main character, or protagonist of the poem†(Epic Hero: Definition, Characteristics Examples.). The epic hero usually battles for accomplishments to a set of tasks to complete important goals. Beowulf is described as an epic hero becauseRead MoreThe Epic Hero Of Beowulf866 Words   |  4 PagesAn epic hero is someone who is of great importance, they have supernatural abilities, have some form of connection with the Gods, and accomplish great deeds. In Beowulf, translated by Seamus Heaney, Beowulf is the epic hero in his tale and he is considered great by those who know of his life. There are two versions of his story which portrays him in a certain way. The video version does not do its best to portray him as an epic hero but instead show that he is a liar, a womanizer, and a coward. TheRead MoreBeowulf : An Epic Hero894 Words   |  4 Pages The character of Beowulf demonstrates several characteristics that make a great epic hero. Throughout his lifetime he displayed several characteristics such as honor, bravery, physical superiority, leadership, and glory. These characteristics all formed how the Anglo-Saxons believed one should live their life. Along with the valorous deeds that Beowulf accomplished he is considered to be a prime example of an epic hero. Beowulf would have even been considered a model human to the Anglo-SaxonsRead MoreBeowulf : An Epic Hero978 Words   |  4 Pages Beowulf is a character that exudes the qualities of an epic hero. Throughout this epic, Beowulf is seen as a hero to many and a major threat to the evils he encounters. The values of the Anglo-Saxons, who would have read and admired this poem, included loyalty, bravery, and honor. Beowulf’s character exemplifies all of these qualities to the highest degree. The values and traditions of the original composers of this story cause Beowulf’s character to be the perfect example of an Anglo-SaxonRead MoreBeowulf: an Epic Hero983 Words   |  4 PagesGauvain British Literature Beowulf Essay 9/22/04 Beowulf: An Epic Hero According to Abrams, the heroic poem is a long verse narrative on a serious subject, told in an elevated style, and centered on a heroic or quasi-divine figure on whose actions depends the fate of a tribe, a nation, or the human race. Beowulf fits Abrams description of an epic, exhibiting all of the characteristics listed throughout the book, thus defining Beowulf as a hero and making the book an epic through its elevatedRead MoreBeowulf, the Epic Hero1431 Words   |  6 PagesBeowulf, the Epic Hero There have been many grand stories about great warriors, and champions; those about epic heroes however, are the truly exceptional tales. One such tale, over a thousand years old, stands out from all the rest: Beowulf, the tale of a great warrior, on his quest to achieve eternal glory, defeating great opponents. Throughout the whole story, Beowulf demonstrates most –if not all- of the qualities that an archetypal hero possesses. He embodies the highest ideals of his cultureRead MoreBeowulf : The Epic Hero960 Words   |  4 PagesPotter, and Beowulf all have in common? They all demonstrate the qualities of epic heroes. Beowulf represents several characteristics of an epic hero and demonstrates the values of the Anglo-Saxons. He is the main character of his story, he has a main goal, he travels and fights with a group of people, and he accomplishes many valorous deeds; the values of the Anglo-Saxons are also shown through the actions of Beowulf, such as courage, loyalty, an d fame. For example, when Beowulf heard a cry

Nuclear Physics Of The Society Development - 1374 Words

Nuclear physics in the society development Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions. The most commonly known application of nuclear physics is nuclear power generation, but the research has led to applications in many fields, including nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear weapons, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology. Nuclear physics has a lot of importance in general society development. Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937): Known as the father of nuclear physics, the New Zealand-born scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908 for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances . Nuclear Physics as we know it today is almost a hundred years old. In 2009, we celebrate the centenary of the publication of the results of the Geiger-Marsden (or gold-foil) experiment performed at the University of Manchester. Nuclear Physics p ositively influences our daily lives. There are many benefits to nuclear physics, these benefits take many forms. When done properly it can encourage interest, develop support for the research. From fighting cancer to assuring safety of food, to protecting our borders, nuclear physics impacts the lives of everyone around the world every day. These applications include devices and technologies for medical diagnostics and therapy, energy productionShow MoreRelatedSoviet Nuclear Scientist, Dissident and Human Rights Activist1047 Words   |  5 PagesSoviet Nuclear Scientist, Dissident and Human Rights Activist Dr. Andrei Sakharov was a leading developer of Soviet nuclear weapons. As he progressed through life he began working towards international peace and basic human freedoms for the people of the Soviet Union. In recognition of this work, Dr. Sakharov was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace. Dr. Sakharov’s contributions to the Soviet weapons program and his public communications of the dangers of nuclear weapons helped to prevent nuclear warRead MoreHow Has Nuclear Medicine Propagated Science And Society?922 Words   |  4 PagesHow has nuclear medicine innovated science and society? Within the last century, science faced several discoveries that caused the scientific community and society to change one another. When evaluating the scientific discoveries during the twentieth century, the decisive advancements took place in the study of nuclear physics. Affecting both science and society inquires formed around medical uses for nuclear materials. Advanced research in nuclear science with radioisotopes allowed doctors to treatRead MoreBiography Of Julius Robert Oppenheimer, An Artist And Julius Oppenheimer1114 Words   |  5 PagesLater that year he enrolled at Cambridge University in England to study physics thus beginning his atomic research in the Cavendish Laboratory under J.J. Thomson. Then at the age of 22 he was invited to team up with Max Born at Gottingen University in Germany. There he developed the Born-Oppenheimer Method. This method was an important addition to the Quantum Molecular Theory. Quantum theory is the origin of modern physics that explains the behavior and nature of matter and energy on the atomicRead MoreScience : The Quest For Knowledge Essay1216 Words   |  5 Pagesinto mice that has a disease to conclude that the drug does work on mice but not on humans. As animal research and organ transplantation continues, the research behind the next big development should be limited by using alternative methods, interdisciplinary research, or the combination of two or more disciplines like physics and chemistry, and â€Å"micro testing† to advance scientific knowledge. The quest for scientific understanding should have ethical bounds in the sense that when a bomb is tested, forRead MoreThe Pursuit of a Theory of Everything1489 Words   |  6 P agesexplain several principles according to one definition or equation. This process occurs in all areas of science, from biology to cosmology, and often reduces the complexity of calculations and leads to new predictions regarding related phenomena. In physics, the unification of seemingly unrelated concepts has led to a number of pivotal discoveries. Several physicists even posit that one ultimate Theory of Everything exists to explain the nature and behavior of all matter and energy in existence (HawkingRead MoreRole of Chemistry in Human Welfare1394 Words   |  6 PagesChemistry  is the  science  of  matter  and the changes it undergoes. The science of matter is also addressed by  physics, but while physics takes a more general and fundamental approach, chemistry is more specialized, being concerned with the composition, behavior (or reaction), structure, and properties of  matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during  chemical reactions.  It is a  ph ysical science  which studies various  substances,  atoms,  molecules,  crystals  and other aggregates of matter whether inRead MoreNuclear Physics : A Scientist989 Words   |  4 PagesA scientist suspects that if he or she continues to research nuclear physics, his or her country will use the findings to produce a weapon capable of annihilating thousands or even millions of innocent civilians. The scientist, however, strongly believes that a weapon of this magnitude should remain nonexistent. Should he or she continue with this research even though it could be used to create a weapon of mass destruction? The scientist absolutely should. A scientist has no moral obligations inRead MoreNuclear Energy Is The Most Suitable Option For Australia1150 Words   |  5 PagesNuclear energy has a potential for replacing fossil fuel in Australia which will be limited in the future. According to Graaff (2015), in 2013, 6350 tonnes of uranium were mined from three uranium mines in Australia, making Australia as a third rank after Canada and Kazakhstan. Therefore, Australia should use Uranium to generate nuclear energy as an alternative energy of fossil fuel. It is important to consider the benefits of nuclear energy in order to prevent global warming implications, suchRead MoreEssay about The Atomic Bomb in World War Two1311 Words   |  6 Pagesof modern physics. Around 1803 John Dalton, an English chemist developed the first useful atomic theory of matter. Amedeo Avogadro, the Italian chemist in 1811 published an article drawing the distinction between the atom and the molecule, which now is known as â€Å"Avogadro’s Principle†. The French team of Pierre and Marie Curie who are known as the parents of nuclear physics came to the realization that the atom has a core, or nucleus. It became apparent that different laws of physics govern theRead MorePlank, Einstein and Black Body Radiation1400 Words   |  6 PagesBlack Body Radiation. Part 1. Trace the development of the understanding of â€Å"black body radiation† and assess Einstein’s contribution to quantum theory with particular reference to it. Some recent scientific discoveries have been developed during periods of war and have not necessarily been of an altruistic nature. Discuss Einstein and Plank’s differing views of the role society and politics played in scientific research. Towards the end of the 19th century physics was mostly thought to be at an apex

European Business Environment Free Essays

string(90) " over 4 million km\?, with France as the largest country with a population of 62 million\." Introduction This paper discusses the validity of the statement: The European Union does not represent a true union between its members. There are six levels of economic integration: preferential trading area, free trade area, customs union, common market, economic and monetary union, and complete economic/political integration (Alva and Behar, 2008). These categorisations imply that increased trade leads to an increased economic integration and that, as nations become more intertwined economically, they will necessitate the need for some level of political integration (Alva and Behar, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on European Business Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now The European Community (EC) was founded in 1957 with six member states by the signing of the Treaty of Rome under the name of European Economic Community (EEC). It became the EC in 1992 under the Maastricht Treaty and is the first of the three pillars of the European Union (EU). Today, the EC is the principal component of the EU. In this paper, this term ‘the EU’ is used to refer to this union, including those periods when it was known as the European Economic Community (EEC) and then later known as the European Communities. Over the last twenty years the European financial landscape has been radically transformed, with the establishment of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) having a large role in accelerating the pace of this transformation. A significant change has been the continued process by which the European financial markets have integrated, which has been a basic component of the wider process of economic and political integration in Europe. Financial integration has been one of the items at the top of the European political agenda, with the eventual objective (set at the Lisbon European Council in March 2000) of transforming the EU into the most competitive and dynamic economy globally by 2010 (Gjersem, 2003). The extent of progress in EU financial integration is undeniable. With the introduction of the euro, several EU financial sectors have become very integrated. But this integration has not spread to all areas and is largely the outcome of monetary integration (Frangakis, 2004), suggesting t he persistence of significant gaps in the integration process (Walken and Raes, 2005). Indeed, the extent of the capital market integration between EU countries lies somewhere between the international capital markets and national ones, indicating that liberalisation is still not complete and that deep integration of financial markets is still not a reality in some aspects of the financial markets (Gjersem, 2003). Therefore, even though there is no single measuring stick that allows us to judge exactly the extent of integration, there seems to be clear indication that financial markets within the EU still have a distance to go before national demarcation lines will actually disappear and financial market integration is acceptable (Gjersem, 2003). The EU has periodically added new members expanding the number of member states several times throughout its history and promising of continuing this trend in the future. Indeed, when Romania and Bulgaria joined the Union in 2007 the EU expanded toward South-Eastern Europe and naturally other countries in this area hope to become members of the EU. Three countries currently have candidate status (Croatia, Macedonia, and Turkey) and other four countries are participating to varying degrees in the Stabilisation and Association Process (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and Montenegro).[1] The EU is now a 27-member state with the biggest single market in the world. As the EU continues to enlarge, there has been discussion as to whether the EU should prioritise ‘widening,’ which would mean expanding the Union to the east, or ‘deepening,’ which means that the focus would be on greater economic and political integration building on the accomplishments of th e Maastricht Treaty (Kubicek, 2005). This paper argues that, in the early days of the EEC, internal cohesion of the member states, based on fundamental cultural, economic, ideological, and political similarities, took precedence over any pressure to enlarge. However, it might be said now that enlargement may have taken precedence over internal cohesion. In explaining the reasons for this change, this paper is organised as follows. The first main section provides an overview of the Union’s history from the EEC to the current EU. The second main section discusses the initial reasons for integration followed by the reasons for subsequent enlargement. The third main section explains the reasons for this change in focus from economic, ideological, and political integration to enlargement and discuses whether they are mutually exclusive. The paper concludes with a brief summary. Background to the EEC/EU The EEC evolved from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1958 and was established between Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, and West Germany, often called the ‘Common Market.’ Under the EEC, attempts were made to achieve harmonisation and the EEC had as its ultimate objective the economic union of its member nations, eventually culminating in a political union. According to Haas (1961), the process of attaining the terminal condition of a political community among nation states is called integration. Integration is thus the process in which political actors in different nation states transfer their political activities to a new, expanded centre, whose institutions have authority over the original national states (Haas, 1961). In 1956, the United Kingdom (UK) proposed a Europe-wide free-trade area that would incorporate the Common Market, and again attempted to become a member of the EEC in 1963 and 1967, but these proposals was vetoed by France (Baldwin, 1994). Thereafter, the UK and Sweden formed in 1960 the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and other European countries that did not belong to the Common Market (see Figure 1) eventually joined. Later the EFTA and the EEC made arrangements to ensure uniformity between the two groupings and by 1995 all of the EFTA members had become members of the EU except four (see Figure 2). The EU has continued to expand. In 2004, ten additional states joined the Union, the largest expansion in its history – Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Bulgaria and Romania are the latest additions, joining the Union in 2007. Currently, the EU covers over 4 million km?, with France as the largest country with a population of 62 million. You read "European Business Environment" in category "Essay examples" And while the EU is less than half as big as the United States, its population of 491 million is more than 50% as large as the American population. Since the accession of the new member states in 2004, the EU’s GDP is now slightly larger than that of the US, with its GDP estimated in 2009 at US$14.5 trillion. Figure 3 (below) shows the relative size of the various economies making up the EU-27. The German economy is largest, with 19.4 % of EU’s GDP in 2008, followed by France (15.2%), the UK (14.1%), Italy (12.3%), and Spain (8.5%). Figure 3: Percentage of GDP accounted for by each country in the EU The Rationale for Integration According to Leonard (2005), France’s foreign minister, Aristide Briand, was the first leading politician to suggest a European Union and this took place at the end of the 1920s. However, real European integration was driven by (1) geopolitical factors affecting Europe after the second World War, (2) unrelenting pressure from the USA during the Cold War, and then (3) European policymakers’ mercantilistic aspirations in the 1960s and 1980s (Evenett, 2004). According to Baldwin (2003, p. 6), â€Å"[t]he key question in the mid-1940s was, ‘How can Europe avoid another war?’† As a solution, the Europeans chose to â€Å"eliminate destructive nationalism by binding European nation-states into an economic and political union† (Baldwin, 2003, p. 6). This is exemplified by the Schuman Declaration (9th May, 1950): The coming together of the nations of Europe requires the elimination of the age-old opposition of France and Germany†¦ The solidarity in production thus established will make it plain that any war between France and Germany becomes not merely unthinkable, but materially impossible†¦ European integration was thus the foundation of the post-WWII architecture in Western Europe. Thus, in the first instance, Europe’s motives were peace and stability and, secondly, a safeguard against communist Russia. According to Baldwin (2003, p. 7), †¦it is clear that EFTA and the EU especially have indeed promoted peace and understanding in Europe. With their economies so thoroughly entwined, a war among Western European nations has been unthinkable for decades. In Bilefsky (2006), Jules Deelders, described as one of the Netherland’s leading poets, argues that a shared attitude and culture are important. And it apparent that the initial formation of the EEC (and the EFTA and then the EU) was done among nation-states that were very well aligned in cultural, economic, ideological, and political terms. The initial grouping, the Six, were close geographically, as well as economically, ideologically, and politically and this was very important and was the main reason that the UK’s petition to join this group was rebuffed twice, since it was not very close to these nations in the terms that they (particularly France) thought was important. However, the EEC eventually took other Western, and eventually Eastern, European nation-states onboard and, according to Baldwin et al. (1997, p. 128), â€Å"Eastern enlargement of the EU is a central pillar in Europe’s post-Cold War architecture.† It is key to understand that each enlargement is different from earlier enlargements and the last enlargement of the EU into Eastern Europe is an unprecedented case. These countries were qualitatively different from the previous member states, with primary mention being generally made of the economic differences – the most recent member countries are much poorer than the previous member countries (Kubicek, 2005; Lejour et al., 2007). Additionally, these countries are politically and ideologically different, being mostly former Soviet States or otherwise proponents of Socialism/Communism, unlike the democracies of Western Europe. A number of other countries are seeking to join the EU, including Albania, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, Turkey, and Ukraine and some argue that these countries are even further from being ‘European’ (Choudhury and Naidu, 2009). For example, Kubicek (2005) argues that â€Å"[m]any of Turkey’s supposed shortcomings are well-known: it is too big, too poor, too agricultural, too authoritarian, and, perhaps above all, too Muslim† (p. 1). Kubicek (2005, p. 1-2) further notes that â€Å"Turkish membership, unlike membership for the Poles, Czechs, Latvians, etc., will compel Europeans to ask a fundamental question: what is Europe?† Overall, Turkey’s entry into the EU would transform the Union in fundamental ways (Kubicek, 2005, p. 2): geographically – â€Å"its inclusion in the EU would mean that the EU would now border Iran [and] Syria;† culturally – â€Å"expansion to Turkey would be the first time the EU would cr oss the traditional border of ‘Christendom;’† and politically – â€Å"what does inclusion of Turkey say about Europe’s identity and values and how would Turkish membership jive with the goal of fostering an ‘ever closer union?’† The Rationale for Enlargement There are four explanations put forward for European enlargement (Evernson, 2004). The first is called ‘technocratic entrepreneurship.’ Moravcsik (1998, p. 4) explains this explanation thus: [2] [European] integration has been driven primarily†¦by a technocratic process that reflects the imperatives of modern economic planning, the unintended consequences of previous decisions, and the entrepreneurship of disinterested supranational experts. The second explanation is put forward by many proponents supporting EU expansion – trade expansion. Additionally, the rapid rates of growth achieved by the member countries of the EEC and EFTA in the 1960s created a belief that economic integration is a key factor in terms of the level and growth of economic activity (Brada and Mendez, 1988). Almost from its start as the EEC, the EU has led to the hope, if not the expectation, that it would lead to dynamic gains from trade, possibly including a sustained rise in the growth rates of the member states (Dearoff and Stern, 2002). Overall, Moravcsik (1998) argues that the leading (Western) states have for fifty years behaved logically in using the EU to promote their economic interests. However, according to Baldwin et al. (1997, p. 128) intra-regional and extra-regional â€Å"geopolitical considerations constitute the engine driving enlargement.† For example, the 2004 expansion of the EU assures good neighbourly relations a nd security in a region that has been a source of volatility and an area of constant aggression for a long time the past and this type external stability is decisive in states such that Slovakia that have many internal issues (Abraham, 2003). The third explanation is the most developed economic theory as to why regional agreements enlarge over time and that is the explanation called ‘domino regionalism,’ which was originally presented by Baldwin (1994, 2003). Baldwin (1994, 2003) argues that the achievement of the Single Market programme of reforms in Europe, supported by the fall of the Soviet Union, was the trigger for negotiations about enlargement with the outstanding members of the EFTA agreement and the previously communist states of Eastern Europe. Overall, the latest entrants to the EU expect increased political stability and the Union expects enlargement to contribute to a more stable Europe. Plus, regional integration may stimulate growth in the region as the foundation of the EEC and the former enlargements have proven. According to Baldwin et al. (1997, p. 125) â€Å"[t]he bottom line is unambiguous and strongly positive: enlargement is a very good deal for both the EU incumbents and the new memb ers.† Discussion The initial rationale for European integration is still the rationale for current expansion: geopolitical and economic considerations – in general, a move towards a political community and complete economic integration. However, while in the beginning, internal cohesion took precedence over the pressure to enlarge (as evidenced by earlier rebuffs to interested countries); this is no longer the case. After the recent addition of 12 countries to the Union, many Europeans are protesting that the EU is growing too far and too fast. And at a time when people seem to be increasingly dubious about European identity, the EU may be suffering from ‘enlargement fatigue’ (Kubicek, 2005, p. 1). Indeed, the enlargement has become a priority for the Union for several reasons, three of which are highlighted here. First, as mentioned several times, European stability has been a driving factor for integration and with the recent upheavals in Eastern Europe, their integration into the rest of Europe seems the only way forward in terms of European stability. The majority of Europeans seem to have embraced the EU’s growth eastward in 2004 for a range of reasons, but maybe primarily reasons because it reinforced the idea of the fall of the Soviet communist regime. The EU commissioner in charge of expansion, Olli Rehn, is quoted by Bilefsky (2006) as saying â€Å"It would be utterly irresponsible to wobble in our commitments and disrupt a valuable process which is helping to build stable and effective partners in the most unstable parts of Europe.† Second, as previously outlined, regional economic integration is hard for individual countries to resist because countries find that they have to react to increasing liberalisation by becoming a member of the existing group or by creating a counterbalancing group (Baldwin, 2003). The third reason is related to the second and has to do with the stability of multiple arrangements within a single area. That is, it is not likely that each country in Europe will be able to choose its own type of regionalism. Therefore, it is most likely that, ultimately, ‘gravitational forces’ will draw all of the main countries in the region into a single agreement (Baldwin, 2003). However, this does not mean that everything will go as planned. For example, member-states’ implementation of the EU directives to implement the EU financial services regulatory framework has tended to take a long time and it was argued that â€Å"the harmonisation of regulation, while substantial on paper , was not as effective in practice† (Danthine et al., 1999, p. 45). More significantly, several legislative areas ended unresolved in political deadlock (Hertig and Lee, 2003). Therefore, even though internationalisation, disintermediation, and globalisation of financial services continued, financial markets in the EU remained very much fragmented at the end of the 20th century (Frangakis, 2004). Has enlargement taken precedence over internal cohesionThis is an important question if we think that a ‘true union’ between EU members rests on cohesiveness. Kubicek (2005) argues that such a question assumes that cohesion and enlargement are mutually exclusive. European integration was meant to be â€Å"open to all countries willing to take part† (Schuman Declaration, 9th May, 1950) and Kubicek (2005, p. 1) is firm in his belief that the EU has done both. In addition to the addition of 12 new members, the EU †¦adopted a draft European Constitution, which promises to forge a tighter political union among its members as well as a stronger European identity. Geographically, politically, and culturally, one can thus speak of a ‘New Europe,’ one with a broader mission that covers over twice the number of countries that originally signed the Maastricht Treaty just over a decade ago. Conclusion What is now known as the EU came from integration efforts that start in the 1950s with the hopes of great economic and politic benefits being gained by those involved (Haas, 1961). This was initially shared among countries that were very similar culturally, ideologically, politically, and economically. But The EU, however, looks nothing like the EEC and contains many diverse countries. And thus the EU’s goal is now to â€Å"form an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe† (Baldwin, 2003, p. 7). According to Baldwin (2003, p.7), â€Å"the intensity of regional trade has produced a continuous exchange of ideas and exposure to cultures †¦ has fostered mutual understanding.† It can be concluded that, for economic and geopolitical reasons, enlargement is now a priority and may have even taken precedence over internal cohesion of the member states, based on fundamental economic, ideological, and political similarities. It may thus be concluded that the EU do es not represent a true union between its members. However, ‘widening’ and ‘deepening’ are not mutually exclusive and seem to be necessary to really strengthen the EU as an economic and political power. Word count: 2997 words References Abraham, S. (2003). The EU expansion: Hopes and worries. Eurozine, 28 November. Available at http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2003-11-28-abraham-en.html [accessed 24 January 2011]. Aitken, N. (1973). The effect of the EEC and EFTA on European trade: A temporal cross-section analysis. The American Economic Review, 63, (5): 881-92. Alva, M. and Behar, A. (2008). Factors that contribute to (or detract from) successful outcomes in African Regional Agreements. Background paper, World Development Report 2009: Reshaping Economic Geography. Available at: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWDR2009/Resources/4231006-1204741572978/alvabehar.pdf [accessed 28 January 2011]. Baldwin, R. (1994.) A domino theory of regionalism. Mimeo. November. Available at http://heiwww.unige.ch/~baldwin/AcademicPapers/AcademicPaper Files/dom_old.pdf [accessed 24 January 2011]. Baldwin, R. (2003). East Asian regionalism: A comparison with Europe. Presentation to the Japanese Ministry of Finance’s Study Group on China. February. Available at http://www.mof.go.jp/jouhou/soken/kouryu/h14/ chu14_05f.pdf [accessed 24 January 2011]. Baldwin, R., Francois, J., and Portes, R. (1997). The costs and benefits of eastern enlargement: The impact on the EU and Central Europe. Economic Policy, 12 (24): 125-76. Bilefsky, D. (2006). For many, EU ‘is big enough.’ International Herald Tribune, May 10. Brada, J. C., and Mendez, J. A. (1988). An estimate of the dynamic effects of economic integration. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 70, (1): 163-68. Choudhury, A. and Naidu, G. (2009). Turkey’s economic integration with the EU: An evaluation of current status and future prognosis. Journal of International Business Research, 8 (1): 29-44. Danthine, J., Giavazzi, G., Vives, X., and Von Thadden, E. (1999). The future of European banking. Monitoring European Integration 9, CEPR. Deardorff, A. and Stern, R. (2002). EU expansion and EU growth. Discussion Paper No. 487, University of Michigan October 29. Available at http://www.spp.umich.edu/rsie/workingpapers/wp.html [accessed 24 January 2011]. Evenett, S. J. (2004). The sequencing of regional integration. Available at www.evenett.com [accessed 26 January 2011]. Frangakis, M. (2004). Financial integration policy in the EU: Perspectives and challenges. EPOC Conference on â€Å"A New All-European Development Model in an Enlarged EU Social and Economic Aspects,† Poznan, 7-9 May. Available at http://www.epoc.uni-bremen.de/publications/pup2004/files/Poznan_Frangakis_ Abstract.PDF [accessed 24 January 2011]. Gjersem, C. (2003). Financial market integration in the euro area. 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The Concept of Cognitive Behavior Theory-Free-Samples for Students

Question: What's the Patient Psychological Mechanisms? Answer: Introduction The report focuses on the analysis, diagnosis and recommendation of treatment of a patient. The report focuses on the use of the Cognitive Behavior Theory (CBT) for the case study and recommendations of treatment of the given patient. The CBT is based on the concept of working together of cognition (the thoughts), emotions (the feelings) and behavior (the actions) (Kendall Hollon, 2013). In the given case how these three determinants and their study shows the mental health of the patient. In the study, the past of the subject along with the social environment and the emotional balance help in the diagnosis. The resulting treatment method helps in treating his issues using the therapies of CBT. Analysis The analysis of the patients history shows many impressionable events, which must have a great impact on the psyche of the patient. The constant imagination of the death of his father and the marriage of his mother to another man must have greatly affected him. The imagination of beaten up by his stepfather, the inability of his mother to protect him affected him negatively and affected his behavior of self-preservation and it further aggravates his negative thoughts. The constant failing of his own marriage is because of the imaginary troubles he has faced, he over dramatizes the situations he has faced. The effect of the medicine on his sexual prowess has further aggravated his depression making him more upset about his condition and harming his relation with his wife. The failure of his marriages he has faced is affected by the constant fear ingrained in him. The subject has the habit of blaming the situation he is facing as the divine wrath. This ideology makes him powerless to f ace situations and find a solution to them. The idea of the divine wrath can be related to the patients strict religious beliefs and a habit of self-blaming (Park Slattery, 2013). This habit can be related to his imagination of being powerless in the hands of his father and therefore blaming himself for whatever issues he was facing. Diagnosis Based on the history and the current emotional status of the patient, there may be different results of the analysis of the patient. The patients constant overflow of emotion and imagining scenarios can be a result of depression (Alpert Fava, 2014). Depression makes him think he is incapable of taking actions and have conclusive decision-making capabilities. The patient evidently also suffers from depression because of the traumatic and negative impact of the life he imagines he has faced resulting in feeling unimportant (Gilbert, 2016). The depression can be the reason of all the negative thoughts and his emotional reasoning of feeling unimportant in the social circle stemming out of the failed relationships and the emotional misbalance arising out of them. All the effects of human faults and his own drawbacks are put on divine justice to avoid taking any action about them. The issues faced by him are a complex of emotion and behavior which is a resultant of a number experiences he has faced through his life. Treatment There are different types of treatments in the Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) for the various issues faced by the patient. Aaron T. Beck initially developed the CBT for treatment of eating disorders (Boland, Tansey Brooks, 2015). There should be mix of individual and social approach to treat the issues of this patient. Cognitive reconstructing can treat the depression faced by the patient. The cognitive reconstructing of the emotions helps in the treatment of depression. The self-help technique is used in this type of treatment (Cuijpers, et al., 2013). To treat the depression of this patient the process of automatic thought record can be used (Neimeyer Feixas, 2016). In this technique, the patient has to write or record his taught along with the chain of reactions and their results. The context of thought, the chain of the thought and the result of the thought is recorded for the self-evaluation of importance and validity of the thought. This helps the patient in constructing his behavior to focus on constructive thought processes thus helping in depression. It also helps the psychiatrist in analyzing and understanding the thinking mechanism of the patient. The constant record of the patients thought process would help in counseling the patient for the various emotional fluctuations he is facing. A plan can be made for the patient for doing his regular tasks so that he finds pleasure in them and it helps in his depression. The process can be done in different parts by the patient Cause: The patient records the cause of the unpleasant emotion felt by the patient, the reason that initiated the thought process. Automatic thoughts: The causal thoughts gave birth to which automatic thoughts and how real the automatic thoughts seem. Emotions: The emotions felt as the effect of the automatic thoughts are recorded. The intensity of the emotions is also recorded so the patient can see it later. Adaptive Response: this analyses the thought processes that led to the complex behavior. A set of questions to be answered to reason the thought process and the percentage of each response. Outcome: This evaluates in percentage the belief of the patient on the adaptive response he gave. It also records the present emotions and their intensities. It helps in the evaluation of the success or failure of the process by the psychiatric help he is taking. The process of Pleasant Activity Scheduling can also be used, which a process to schedule a series of activities which the patient can look forward to (Orgeta, Brede Livingston, 2017). These can include simple activities, which help the patient feel pleasure like watching movies, or going on a trip. The pleasures felt by the patent will help them neutralize depressing emotions. Conclusion Therefore, in this report the case of the patient has shown a number of psychological issues arising out of his life experiences. The detailed analysis of his past and his present symptoms show a number of different issues including depression. The traditional treatments of the issues according to CBT have been recommended. The use of these methods will help in the patients psychological development References Alpert, J. E., Fava, M. (2014). Handbook of chronic depression: Diagnosis and therapeutic management (Vol. 25). CRC Press. Boland, E. A., Tansey, T. N., Brooks, J. (2015). Cognitive behavioral therapy. Counseling theories and techniques for rehabilitation and mental health professionals, 90. Cuijpers, P., Berking, M., Andersson, G., Quigley, L., Kleiboer, A., Dobson, K. S. (2013). A meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioural therapy for adult depression, alone and in comparison with other treatments. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 58(7), 376-385. Gilbert, P. (2016). Depression: The evolution of powerlessness. Routledge. Kendall, P. C., Hollon, S. D. (Eds.). (2013). Cognitive-behavioral interventions: Theory, research, and procedures (Vol. 21). Academic Press. Neimeyer, R. A., Feixas, G. (2016). The Role of Homework and Skill Acquisition in the Outcome of Group Cognitive Therapy for DepressionRepublished Article. Behavior therapy, 47(5), 747-754. Orgeta, V., Brede, J., Livingston, G. (2017). Behavioural activation for depression in older people: systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, bjp-bp. Park, C. L., Slattery, J. M. (2013). Religion, spirituality, and mental health.